长江口外浮游植物死亡释放溶解有机质的降解及其溶氧消耗   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高小丰  吴莹  朱卓毅 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1010-1017

浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)是海洋中溶解有机质的重要来源,浮游植物死亡后释放的新鲜溶解有机质活性高、数量大、生物可利用性高,其降解过程中对溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)的消耗显著。但到目前为止,对此类溶解有机质的降解过程以及其耗氧情况还鲜有研究。本文基于2013年8月东海航次,对浮游植物(硅藻为主)死亡后释放的新鲜有机质进行人工受控培养,研究其降解过程及对DO的消耗,并评估该降解过程对低氧现象形成的贡献。研究发现:培养体系中溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和DO浓度皆随时间呈指数下降,总溶解态碳水化合物(total carbohydrate,TCHO)也出现明显降解;体系的初始DOC浓度越高,降解速率常数k(DOC)、k(DO)越大,k(DOC)受DOC浓度、活性以及DO浓度的影响;培养过程中细菌丰度明显增加,添加Hg Cl2的对比实验表明细菌在降解过程中起到重要作用。本文的研究结果表明,浮游植物死亡后释放的溶解有机质的快速降解及其对溶解氧的消耗,对长江口低氧环境的促成具有重要意义。  相似文献   

A laboratory study on capillary sealing efficiency of Iranian shale and anhydrite caprocks     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015

Caprock has the most important role in the long term safety of formation gas storage. The caprocks trap fluid accumulated beneath, contribute to lateral migration of this fluid and impede its upward migration. The rapid upward passage of invasive plumes due to buoyancy pressure is prevented by capillary pressure within these seal rocks. In the present study, two main seal rocks, from the Zagros basin in the southwest of Iran, a shale core sample of Asmari formation and an anhydrite core sample of Gachsaran formation, were provided. Absolute permeabilities of shale and anhydrite cores, considering the Klinkenberg effect, were measured as 6.09 × 10⁻¹⁸ and 0.89 × 10⁻¹⁸ m², respectively. Capillary sealing efficiency of the cores was investigated using gas breakthrough experiments. To do so, two distinct techniques including step by step and residual capillary pressure approaches were performed, using carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane gases at temperatures of 70 and 90 °C, under confining pressures in the range 24.13–37.92 MPa. In the first technique, it was found that capillary breakthrough pressure of the cores varies in the range from 2.76 to 34.34 MPa. Moreover, the measurements indicated that after capillary breakthrough, gas effective permeabilities lie in range 1.85 × 10⁻²¹ – 1.66 × 10⁻¹⁹ m². In the second technique, the minimum capillary displacement pressure of shale varied from 0.66 to 1.45 MPa with the maximum effective permeability around 7.76 × 10⁻²¹ – 6.69 × 10⁻²⁰ m². The results indicate that anhydrite caprock of the Gachsaran formation provides proper capillary sealing efficacy, suitable for long term storage of the injected CO₂ plumes, due to its higher capillary breakthrough pressure and lower gas effective permeability.  相似文献   

碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛复合光催化剂处理海洋柴油污染的研究     

吴云英  于晓彩  金晓杰  尹丹妮  尚晓琳  薛冠华 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(5):104-108

利用溶胶凝胶法自制了碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合光催化剂,采用投射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物象、形貌和热稳定性等进行表征。通过研究光照条件、催化剂的投加量、油的初始浓度、催化剂制备的煅烧条件等因素,考察了自制碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合催化剂对降解模拟海洋柴油污染的海水去除率的影响。研究发现,在可见光照条件下,400℃煅烧2 h的复合催化剂,投加量为0.4 g/L、柴油的初始浓度为0.6 g/L、反应的光照时间为4 h时效果最好,去除率可达到67.65%。  相似文献   

An Experimental Study on A Trapezoidal Pendulum Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves     

王冬姣  邱守强  叶家玮 《海洋工程》2015,29(4):623-632

Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height, the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0?1.2 s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency was 39.4%.  相似文献   

多普勒雷达降水反演及其与改进的区域气候模式RIEMS的同化研究     

吴明光  陈泰生  檀姗姗  骆骐  闾国年  盛业华 《测绘学报》2011,40(5):0-0

本博士论文在前人构建的陆面水文过程模型TOPX和区域气候模式RIEMS的耦合模式的框架基础上,针对耦合模式中RIEMS对降水和蒸散发的模拟精度较低,RIEMS和TOPX模式之间尺度不匹配等几个核心问题进行了深入细致的研究:对天气雷达资料的定量估测降水方面的研究获得了对沂沭河流域最佳的Z-R关系,并通过雷达雨量计联合校正法得到较高精度的面降雨量;采用集合卡尔曼滤波同化算法对雷达反演的面雨量及区域气候模式RIEMS的降水输出进行了数据同化方案研究,获得了更好的降水模拟效果;在RIEMS和水文模型TOPX构成的耦合模型中加入同化方案,实现了流域降水的实例模拟研究,结果表明使用同化方案明显改善了水文模拟效果。  相似文献   

平面不对称结构非弹性地震反应分析的平扭耦联Bouc-Wen模型     

余波  杨绿峰 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(6):78-87

综合考虑强度退化、刚度退化、捏拢效应等典型滞回特性的影响,建立了双向地震作用下平面不对称结构非弹性地震动力响应分析的平扭耦联Bouc-Wen模型.该模型采用圆形屈服面来描述双向抗侧恢复力之间的耦合效应,而采用锥体或球体屈服面来描述双向抗侧和抗扭恢复力之间的耦合效应,并结合69条强震记录,定量地分析了平扭耦联效应对平面不...  相似文献   

高七井水温映震规律浅析     

鲜述东  刘子哲  董艳涛  刘丽  杨昆  韩艳  马莉 《内陆地震》2011,(4):349-353

通过对高七井水温多年资料的整理,在总结以往震例的基础上,分析水温异常与地震预报的对应规律,对高七井水温映震效能进行初步探讨.高七井水温异常为阶跃上升型,异常形态具有继承性,水温异常对地震短临预报具有指导意义.  相似文献   

MSDP软件在单台数字地震记录分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈翔  邓存华  沈道康  李雷  钱文品 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(4):140-144

根据MSDP分析软件的基本功能和测震分析常用方法,结合Dimas分析软件的使用经验,从台站工作的实际出发,以单台地震震相分析整个流程的形式,总结了在MSDP下地震震相的单台分析识别方法.利用这些方法,有助于提高地震台站工作人员震相分析识别的工作效率.  相似文献   

DSQ水管仪和SSQ-2I水平摆效能对比研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

朱石军  樊志勇  武晓东  王志惠  胡毅涛 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(6):122-126

SSQ-2I型水平摆仪器和DSQ水管仪同属倾斜类前兆仪器,两者观测原理不同,但观测物理量一致.相对于水管仪而言,SSQ-2I型水平摆属于新型仪器,有关其运行效能的评价很少.延庆地震台从2007年开始两种仪器同场地观测,通过年变幅度、滤波残差、周期分析、Venedikov调和分析、相关性分析、抗干扰能力等角度,对两种仪器...  相似文献   

Environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand in the Bohai Sea: modeling and calculation     

赵喜喜  王修林  石晓勇  李克强  丁东生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(1):46-52

A three-dimensional advection-diffusion model coupled with the degradation process is established for describing the transport of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Comparison of the simulated distribution of COD at the surface in the Bohai Sea in August, 2001 with field observations, shows that the model simulates the dataset reasonably well. The Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay, and Liaodong Bay were contaminated heavily near shore. Based on the optimal discharge flux method, the Environmental Capacity (EC) and allocate...  相似文献